学号： 20169129211

                 班级： 16英语2班 

                 姓名： 杨   芷  颖 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

International freight insurance, for export enterprises is to find a balance between insurance coverage and insurance premium. Then export enterprises must make an assessment of the risks they face, especially which risks are the biggest and most likely to occur, and weigh them with the insurance rates of different types of insurance.

 

Ⅰ.Five Elements for Choosing Maritime Freight Insurance

 

Exporters in international freight insurance should consider the following factors: a. the type, nature and characteristics of goods; b. the packing of goods; c. the transportation of goods (including modes of transport, means of transport, routes of transport); d.Loss occurring at the port and during loading and unloading; e. the political situation of destinations.It is of substantial importance to consider the circumstances of the shipment in order to save on premiums and to control the level of risk coverage more fully. In the following case, a company exported a batch of equipment to Europe.Before shipment, the company insured F.P.A. for marine cargo, taking into account the vulnerability of equipment occuring during shipment and the instability of shipping. Although the accident is caused by the collision of the means of transport, according to the insurance liability of F.P.A, the insurance company is responsible for "part of the loss caused by accidents such as grounding, reef striking, sinking, collision, collision with flowing ice or other objects and fire and explosion of the means of transport". The loss of this consignment obviously belongs to the loss caused by the accidental accident insured, so the insurance company should be responsible for the compensation.

 

In addition, the company also exported a batch of equipment to the United States for shipment by another ship. The company insured W.P.A. marine cargo in consideration of possible human and natural accidents in the course of shipment to the United States. During the course of transportation, due to the storm, the ship's hull was bumping and the cargo collides with each other, resulting in some losses. Unfortunately, the ship ran aground and was towed out of danger.The insurance company is not responsible for part of the loss due to the bad weather, according to the provisions of the insurance liability of F.P.A. However, the insurance company will compensate for part of the losses caused by natural disasters such as bad weather before or after the accident of grounding, reef striking, sinking, burning and so on. Therefore, although the goods exported to the United States are partly damaged by natural disasters, the insurance company should compensate for the losses suffered by the goods of the United States because the cargo ship was stranded during the voyage and the cargo was still on board when the ship was stranded. In the above cases, enterprises should make risk assessment in foreign trade and take into account various factors and timely insurance.

 

ⅠⅠ.When to Choose All Risks

 

All Risks is the most common type of insurance. Most of the letters of credit issued by buyers require exporters to insure against all risks. It is most convenient to insure against all risks. As its liability covers FPA, WPA and 11 kinds of general additional risks, the insured need not bother to consider what additional risks to choose. However, the most convenient services often cost the most, and the general rate of "All Risks" is also higher. Whether to choose all risks as the main insurance depends on the type, nature and characteristics of the goods transported. For example, clothing and chemical fibre goods are more likely to suffer losses. It is necessary to insure against all risks.It may not be enough for some goods to be insured against all risks as the main insurance, and special additional insurance is also required. However, it should be noted that all risks only cover warehouses to warehouses, which is obviously not followed in the following cases. A company in China insured a batch of goods against all risks. The destination port was Tianjin New Port. When the goods were transported to the warehouse of Terminal 1, the importer took part of the goods from the warehouse and shipped them to the whole country. At that time, the remaining goods in the warehouse were damaged due to the typhoon. In this case, the liability of the insurance company ceases once the goods enter the warehouse, so there is no need to compensate the company. Although all risks cover a wide range of types, they also have limitations and should be used in combination with the actual situation.

 

ⅠⅠⅠ.Conclusion

 

Risk prevention is more important than insurance. Insurance is a tool for transferring and dispersing risks. Although the insurance company will be responsible for the loss caused by the risk, but the cargo owner in the claim process is time-consuming and laborious, but also a considerable cost, so the awareness of risk prevention and on the basis of insurance to do some preventive measures are very necessary.